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Diesel to Natural Gas
www.DieselToNaturalGas.com
Diesel to
Natural Gas
What is Diesel
to Natural Gas?
Diesel
to Natural Gas is a "fuel
switching"
strategy which has a number of key benefits for companies with either a small or
large fleet of cars, trucks or other vehicles. As it related to Diesel
to Natural Gas, a
few of these benefits include;
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With
Diesel Fuel Costing About $1.50 More Per Gallon than Natural Gas
(on a btu to btu basis), isn't it Time for You to Consider "Fuel
Switching"
your fleet
from Diesel
to Natural Gas or
Plug
In Electric Vehicles?
Biomethane
is the "Renewable
Natural Gas."
Biomethane
is the Cleanest and Greenest
of all Biofuels
as well as a "Carbon Negative Fuel"
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About
us:
We
provide engineering and renewable energy consulting and project development services;
Our work is
performed on a strict adherence to "vendor-neutrality" and seek to maximize
our client's "triple bottom line" returns: people, planet and
profits.
To
receive a preliminary, no obligation consult, email us a summary or overview of your
project to:
info@DieselToNaturalGas.com
____________________________________________________________
What is Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG)?
Compressed Natural
Gas or CNG, is widely available throughout the U.S. from domestically
produced natural gas wells and natural gas pipelines and local distribution
companies. Natural gas is available to end-users through the utility
infrastructure. It is also clean burning and produces significantly fewer
harmful emissions than reformulated gasoline or diesel when used in natural gas
vehicles. In addition, commercially available medium- and heavy-duty
natural gas engines have demonstrated over 90% reductions of carbon monoxide
(CO) and particulate matter and more than 50% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx)
relative to commercial diesel engines. Natural gas can either be stored onboard
a vehicle as Compressed Natural
Gas (CNG) at 3,000 or 3,600 psi or as Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) at typically 20-150 psi. Natural gas can also be blended
with hydrogen.
What
is a Natural Gas
Vehicle?
A natural gas vehicle - more commonly referred to as an "NGV," is one
of the alternative fuel vehicle that
use compressed natural gas (CNG).
Also available as a fuel for NGVs is liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Natural gas is a clean fuel alternative to gasoline and diesel fuels. The
cleanest alternative fuels to fossil fuels are; Biomethane,
B100 Biodiesel, and Synthesis
Gas.
At present,
there are approximately 11 million natural gas vehicles. By country:
Pakistan - 2.4 million
Argentina - 1.8 million
Iran - 1.7 million
Brazil - 1.6 million
India - 725,000
The U.S. has just over 100,000 NGVs at present, mostly buses.
What is Fuel Switching?
Fuel
Switching is a way to move away
from one type of fuel to another. Diesel
to Natural Gas is one of the quickest-growing types of
Fuel Switching
in the transportation industry due to the savings it provides the companies that
own fleets of cars, trucks and tractor-trailers. Even when you consider the
change-outs of diesel engines to natural
gas engines, the fuel savings of
natural gas provides a very quick return on investment.
In
addition to fleet owners of there are a large number of other Fuel
Switching opportunities for customers in the
commercial, industrial and utility industries. Popular Fuel
Switching opportunities exist in transitioning away
from fossil fuels. Replacement fuels for fossil fuels include the
following renewable fuels;
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Compressed
Natural Gas or CNG, is widely available throughout the U.S.
from domestically produced natural gas wells and natural gas
pipelines and local distribution companies. Natural gas is
available to end-users through the utility infrastructure. It is
also clean burning and produces significantly fewer harmful
emissions than reformulated gasoline or diesel when used in
natural gas vehicles. In addition, commercially available
medium- and heavy-duty natural gas engines have demonstrated
over 90% reductions of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate
matter and more than 50% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx)
relative to commercial diesel engines. Natural gas can either be
stored onboard a vehicle as Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) at 3,000 or 3,600 psi or as Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) at typically 20-150 psi. Natural gas can
also be blended with hydrogen.
According
to the Natural
Gas Vehicle Coalition (NGVC), as of 2005
there are 130,000 light- and heavy-duty Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) vehicles in the United
States and 5 million worldwide.
Dedicated
Natural
Gas Vehicles (NGVs) are designed to run only
on natural gas; bi-fuel NGVs have two separate
fueling systems that enable the vehicle to use
either natural gas or a conventional fuel
(gasoline or diesel). In general, dedicated NGVs
demonstrate better performance and have lower
emissions than bi-fuel vehicles because their
engines are optimized to run on natural gas. In
addition, the vehicle does not have to carry two
types of fuel, thereby increasing cargo capacity
and reducing weight.
There
are a few light-duty NGVs still available, but
if you want a specific type of vehicle, you may
want to consider retrofitting a vehicle to an
NGV by using an aftermarket conversion system.
Heavy-duty NGVs are also available as trucks,
buses, and shuttles. Approximately one of every
five new transit buses in the United States is
powered by natural gas.
As
a new twist, tests are being conducted using
natural gas vehicles that are fueled with a
blend of compressed natural gas and hydrogen.
Vehicle
Availability
This
model year, auto manufacturers are producing
fewer models than in years past. In order to get
more vehicle options, you may choose to retrofit
your own vehicle.
Fuel
Availability
Compressed
Natural Gas fueling stations are located in
most major cities and in many rural areas.
Public Liquefied
Natural Gas stations are limited and used
mostly by fleets and heavy-duty trucks. Liquefied
Natural Gas is available through suppliers
of cryogenic liquids.
Vehicle
Safety
Natural
gas vehicles are just as safe as today's
conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles. They
use pressurized tanks, which have been designed
to withstand severe impact, high external
temperatures, and environmental exposure.
Adequate
training is required to operate and maintain
natural gas vehicles because they are different
than gasoline or diesel vehicles. Training and
certification of service technicians is
required.
Vehicle
Costs
In
general, a natural gas vehicle can be less
expensive to operate than a comparable
conventionally fueled vehicle depending on
natural gas prices. Natural gas can cost less
than gasoline and diesel (per energy equivalent
gallon); however, local utility rates can vary.
Purchase
prices for natural gas vehicles are somewhat
higher than for similar conventional vehicles.
The auto manufacturers' typical price premium
for a light-duty Compressed
Natural Gas vehicle can be $1,500 to $6,000,
and for heavy-duty trucks and buses it is in the
range of $30,000 to $50,000. Federal and other
incentives can help defray some of the increase
in vehicle acquisition costs. In addition,
fleets may need to purchase service and
diagnostic equipment if access to commercial Compressed
Natural Gas/Liquefied
Natural Gas vehicle maintenance facilities
is not available.
Retrofitting
a conventional vehicle so it can run on Compressed
Natural Gas may cost $2,000 to $4,000 per
vehicle.
Maintenance
Considerations
High-pressure
tanks that hold Compressed
Natural Gas require periodic inspection and
certification by a licensed inspector.
Fleets
doing on-site maintenance may need to upgrade
their facilities to accommodate NGVs. Costs for
upgrading maintenance facilities will depend on
the number of modifications required.
Some
natural gas vehicle manufacturers now recommend
oil changes at intervals twice as long as
similar gasoline or diesel models (10,000-12,000
miles). Refer to the vehicle owner's manual or
consult the manufacturer to determine proper
maintenance intervals.
Benefits
-
Compared
with vehicles fueled by conventional diesel
and gasoline, NGVs can produce significantly
lower amounts of harmful emissions such as
nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and
toxic and carcinogenic pollutants. NGVs can
also reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, the
primary greenhouse gas. For details, see the
following publications from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency:
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The
cost of a gasoline-gallon equivalent of Compressed
Natural Gas can be favorable compared to
that of gasoline, but varies depending on
local natural gas prices.
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Natural
gas is mostly domestically produced. In
2004, net imports of natural gas was
approximately 15% of the total used, with
almost all the imports coming from Canada.
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Some
natural gas vehicle owners report service
lives 2 to 3 years longer than gasoline or
diesel vehicles and extended time between
required maintenance.
Performance
-
Vehicle
range for Compressed
Natural Gas and Liquefied
Natural Gas vehicles generally is less
than that of comparable gasoline- and
diesel-fueled vehicles because of the lower
energy content of natural gas. Extra storage
tanks can increase range, but the additional
weight may displace some payload capacity.
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NGV
horsepower, acceleration, and cruise speed
are comparable with those of an equivalent
conventionally fueled vehicle.
-
Depending
on the number of cylinders and their
locations, some payload capacity may be
compromised with NGVs.
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Bi-fuel
NGVs offer a driving range similar to that
of gasoline vehicles.
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Why Switch to Compressed
Natural Gas?
Compressed
Natural Gas Prices (per/gallon equivalent)
Utah: $0.63 cents/gallon
Under $1.00/gallon to
fill up your (natural) gas tank!
California: $1.75 - $2.50/gallon
Texas:
$2.45/gallon
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What
is Biomethane?
Biomethane
is "renewable natural gas" made from organic sources - which starts
out as "biogas" but then is cleaned up in a process called
"Biogas to Biomethane" which removes the impurities in biogas such as carbon dioxide,
siloxanes and hydrogen sulfides (H2S).
Biomethane
is soon to be re-classified from the category of "Low Carbon Fuels" to
"Super Low Carbon Fuel" due to it being the greenest of all biofuels!
"Cleaned-up"
and ready for use in an onsite cogeneration or
trigeneration power plant, the Biomethane
could also be sold to a pipeline company and completely replace the
"natural gas" that is typically transported to markets via the vast
underground pipeline system.
Biomethane will some day replace the "methane" that is sold by natural
gas utility companies.
Biomethane
has an unlimited supply, whereas the methane sold by gas companies has a limited
supply. Biomethane
is renewable, whereas the methane sold by your gas
utility company is not renewable. Biomethane
recovery, use and production
generates "Greentags" or a "Renewable Energy Credit" for the
owners and is GOOD for our environment.
Biomethane
is "naturally" produced from organic
materials as they decay. Sources of Biomethane
include; landfills, POTW's/Wastewaster
Treatment Systems, and every tree or agricultural product that is no longer
living. Biomethane
is also generated from animal operations where manure
can be collected and the Biomethane
is generated from
anaerobic digesters where
the manure decomposes.
Biomethane,
after installation of the Biomethane
equipment is essentially free, as opposed
to buying natural gas, presently costing around $10.00/mmbtu.
Methanogenesis
is the production of CH4 and CO2 by biological processes that are carried out by
methanogens.
Unlike the price of natural gas, which
has been very unstable, and wildly fluctuating from $5.50 to as much as $17.00/mmbtu
in recent years, Biomethane
prices will tend to be more
stable over the years. As more and more Biomethane
is produced, and produced in
reliable and sustainable methods that can fuel our energy needs now and for.
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When
It Comes to Energy Independence,
Biomethane, Not Coal, is America's "Ace in the Hole"
and One of the Greenest of All Biofuels
It's
Time to Start Building Our Country's Biomethane Infrastructure &
Producing Biomethane, the Cleanest/Greenest Biofuel!
By: Monty Goodell, MBA
Biomethane Technologies
www.Biomethane.com
Biomethane,
NOT Coal, is America's True "Ace in the Hole" when it comes to our
energy future, economics, the environment, sustainability and America's
“Energy Independence.” And biomethane is also receiving recognition as one
of the greenest of all biofuels.
For
years now, the coal industry has been touting "coal is America's 'Ace in
the Hole'" when they discuss the abundance of our coal reserves here in the
U.S. and the role they hope coal will play in America's energy future.
But
coal is far from being the “Ace in the Hole” the coal lobby would have
everyone believe. That’s due to
the proverbial “black eye” not to mention the “black lungs” and other
problems that are inherent with “dirty coal.”
While
there may be a place for coal in America's energy future, coal must become
"clean" for America to value it as a possible energy resource. Plans
or building 18 new Coal fired power plants were cancelled in Texas last year due
to the fact that coal isn't clean, and utilities aren't interested in investing
the extra costs for building power plants that use "Clean Coal
Technology" or "Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle" power
plants that also now need to include "Carbon Capture and
Sequestration" technologies to remove the carbon dioxide emissions from the
stacks. Plans for many other coal fired power plants are being cancelled. And
even now, owners of coal fired power plants (pulverized coal) are switching from
coal, to biomass, and biomass gasification technologies, as the writing is on
the wall.
Unless
our society relishes the thoughts of moving back to the caves, and using
candles, and foregoing our modern-day comforts, we need to move forward with
renewable energy technologies such as biomethane, as the alternative is power
shortages and blackouts.
We
believe biomethane represents the best and greenest of all biofuels. There are
no supply problems with biomethane, and we have a virtually unlimited supply for
using biomethane wherever natural gas is presently used as a fuel.
It
should be pointed out that biomethane is chemically no different than natural
gas from the "fossil fuel" form of natural gas or CH4.
However,
one important distinction between biomethane and the fossil-fuel variety of
natural gas, is that the production and use of biomethane is “carbon
neutral” in that the greenhouse gas emissions from biomethane use do not add
any new net greenhouse gas emissions.
Biomethane
starts out as “biogas” but must be cleaned and purified before it can be
used as a renewable fuel. The
process of cleaning and purifying the biogas is called “biogas to biomethane.”
The impurities that are found in biogas include hydrogen sulfides,
siloxanes, and carbon dioxide. When the impurities are removed from biogas, it
is then referred to as biomethane and available for use as a clean fuel, just as
the fossil-fuel form of natural gas is used.
Biomethane
reserves and supplies, unlike fossil-fuel natural gas, are virtually unlimited.
Biomethane is produced from many sources including anaerobic digesters,
wastewater treatment systems, landfills and most agricultural and forestry
operations. Last year, the first Biomethane NGV refueling station was opened in
Eugendorf, Austria. Like a gas
station provides gasoline for cars, the the NGV Biomethane station in Eugendorf
provides biomethane for NGVs (Natural Gas Vehicles).
Presently, the station provides a blend of biomethane and natural gas.
Eventually, they hope to provide 100% biomethane for natural gas
vehicles. Companies and researchers
in Germany and Austria have determined that “Cellulosic Biomethane” is the
greenest of all biofuels, and the least expensive biofuel to produce.
Germany and Austria are now planting vast amounts of a form of Kentucky
Bluegrass which will be harvested for use in producing “Cellulosic Biomethane,”
through anaerobic digesters and fermentation.
Researchers
from around the world, starting in Austria, are finding that grasses such as
Kentucky Bluegrass are easily converted into biomethane as well as organic
fertilizer. Cellulosic Biomethane production doesn’t require the fermentation
of sugars or starches - as the first generation of liquid biofuels – requiring
grains and oilseeds from food crops. As the Austrian Cellulosic Biomethane
project shows, biomethane can be produced from a cellulosic biomass feedstock
like grass. Yield estimates from the Austrian Cellulosic Biomethane research
indicate that one natural gas vehicle can travel 10,000 to 15,000 miles on just
one acre of Kentucky Bluegrass that was processed into biomethane.
At
a Jan. 8, 2009 public workshop held by the California Natural Gas Vehicle
Coalition, they documented the superior benefits and potential of biomethane as
a clean, renewable energy resource. The
California Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition stated that Biomethane should be
classified as a "Super Ultra Low Carbon fuel."
Super Ultra Low Carbon fuel is defined as providing at least an 82
percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions - based on the California Air
Resource Board’s analysis of biomethane from landfill gas.
Biomethane
has a carbon dioxide emissions intensity of only 11 as compared with:
67.9 for natural gas
95.8 for diesel
96.7 for gasoline
Biomethane
can displace and substitute the equivalent of 29% percent of all petroleum
diesel transportation fuel used - almost immediately.
According
to the California Energy Commission and the Biomass Collaborative, landfills,
wastewater treatment, and dairy waste sources - which are "developable
today" and can start producing Biomethane almost immediately, with low
investment/high returns, could yield 121 billion cubic feet of Biomethane. At
$8.00/mmbtu, that's a $1 billion market opportunity in California alone.
The 121 billion cubic feet of Biomethane equals about 860 million gallons
of petroleum diesel. California alone uses about 3 billion gallons of diesel
annually for transportation. Emerging biomass gasification and Biomethanation
technologies could more than double Biomethane supplies.
Biomethane
- like natural gas from "fossil fuels" - can be compressed or
liquefied. And using "Compressed Biomethane" is a significantly better
choice as a transportation fuel than traditional "natural gas."
Biomethane
is the "natural, natural gas" and is far better for the environment
and the economy than natural gas. Biomethane, when "vented" to the
environment, is 21 times more hazardous to the climate than carbon dioxide
emissions which are the only emissions (and water vaport) from compressed
natural gas vehicles' engines when used as a fuel.
Again,
we are reminded that Biomethane is the same chemical compound as natural gas:
CH4, and completely replaces and substitutes for natural gas. Engines, turbines,
boilers and every other natural gas appliance can use Biomethane without any
adjustments or modifications - just like natural gas.
Biomethane
supplies, as opposed to natural gas supplies from the fossil fuel industry, are
available in an unlimited supply.
Moving
forward with a “Biomethane Infrastructure” is the direction our country
needs to be moving as one of our fuel choices as we become energy-independent.
Every MCF of Biomethane that we use displaces about 8 gallons of gasoline
and creates jobs that will never be outsourced or downsized.
(Some
of the above information from the California Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition.)
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What
is "Cogeneration"?
Did
you know that 10% of our nation's electricity now comes from "cogeneration"
plants?
And
because cogeneration is so efficient,
it saves its customers up to 40% on their energy expenses, and provides even
greater savings to our environment through significant reductions in fuel usage
and much lower greenhouse gas
emissions.
Cogeneration - also known as “combined
heat and power” (CHP), cogen, district energy, total energy, and combined
cycle, is the simultaneous production of heat (usually in the form of hot water
and/or steam) and power, utilizing one primary fuel such as natural gas, or a
renewable fuel, such as Biomethane, B100
Biodiesel, or Synthesis Gas.
Cogeneration
technology is not the latest industry
buzz-word being touted as the solution to our nation's energy woes. Cogeneration
is a proven technology that has been around for over 120 years!
Our
nation's first commercial power plant was a cogeneration
plant that was designed and built by Thomas Edison in 1882 in New York. Our
nation's first commercial power plant was called the "Pearl Street
Station."
What is "Trigeneration"?
Trigeneration
takes cogeneration
one additional step. Trigeneration is
defined as the simultaneous production of three forms of energy - typically, Cooling,
Heating and Power - from only one fuel input. Put another way, our trigeneration
energy systems produce three different types of energy for the price of one.
Our
Trigeneration energy systems overall
system efficiencies have exceeded 85% efficiency.
Typical
"central" power plants that electric utility companies own and operate
normally do not use the heat generated from the combustion and power generation
process. Therefore, they are only about 30% to 35% efficient, wasting 65% to 70%
of the available energy, that is simply wasted, and lost, with the heat going up
their smokestacks.
Here
is a trigeneration diagram that better reflects the trigeneration process:
Trigeneration Diagram & Description
Trigeneration Power Plants' Have the Highest System
Efficiencies and are
About 300 % More Efficient than Typical Central
Power Plants
Trigeneration plants are installed
at locations that can benefit from all three forms of energy. These types of
installations that install Trigeneration
power plants are called "onsite
power generation" also referred to as "decentralized
energy."
One
of our company's principal's first experience with the design and development of
a Trigeneration power plant was the trigeneration
power plant installation at Rice University in 1987 where our trigeneration
development team started out by conducting a "cogeneration"
feasibility study. The trigeneration
plant's primary power plant was a 4.0 MW gas turbine manufactured by Ruston Gas
Turbines.
An
EPC (Engineering
Procurement Construction) company that installed the trigeneration
power plant, along with waste
heat recovery boilers and absorption
chillers.
A
"waste heat recovery
boiler" captures the heat from the exhaust of the gas turbine. From
there, the recovered energy was converted to chilled water - originally from (3)
Hitachi absorption chillers - 2
were rated at 1,000 tons each, and the third Hitachi Absorption Chiller was
rated at 1,500 tons. However, all three Hitachi absorption
chillers were replaced shortly after their installation by the EPC company.
The
first trigeneration plant at Rice
University was so successful, they added a second 5.0 MW trigeneration
plant so today, Rice University is now generating about 9.0 MW of electricity,
and also producing the cooling and heating the university needs from the trigeneration
plant and circulating the trigeneration
power and energy around its campus.
Trigeneration
Chart
Trigeneration's "Super-Efficiency" compared with
other
competing power and energy technologies - Trigeneration
energy systems have No Competition!
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What is "Decentralized Energy"?
Decentralized
Energy is the opposite of "centralized energy."
Decentralized
Energy energy generates the power and energy that a residential, commercial or
industrial customer needs, onsite. Examples of decentralized energy production
are solar energy systems and solar
trigeneration energy systems.
Today's
electric utility industry was "born" in the 1930's, when fossil fuel
prices were cheap, and the cost of wheeling the electricity via transmission
power lines, was also cheap. "Central" power plants could be
located hundreds of miles from the load centers, or cities, where the
electricity was needed. These extreme inefficiencies and cheap fossil fuel
prices have added a considerable economic and environmental burden to the
consumers and the planet.
Centralized
energy is found in the form of electric utility companies that generate power
from "central" power plants. Central power plants are highly
inefficient, averaging only 33% net system efficiency. This means that the
power coming to your home or business - including the line losses and
transmission inefficiencies of moving the power - has lost 75% to as much as 80%
energy it started with at the "central" power plant. These
losses and inefficiencies translate into significantly increased energy expenses
by the residential and commercial consumers.
Decentralized Energy
is the Best Way to Generate Clean and Green Energy!
How
we make and distribute electricity is changing!
The
electric power
generation, transmission and distribution system (the electric
"grid") is changing and evolving from the electric grid of the
19th and 20th centuries, which was inefficient, highly-polluting, very
expensive and
“dumb.”
The "old" way of generating and distributing
energy resembles this slide:
The electric grid of the 21st century (see slide below)
will be
Decentralized, Smart, Efficient and provide "carbon
free energy" and “pollution
free power” to customers who remain on the
electric grid. The electric grid of the future will be comprised of
both Onsite Power
Generation plants and "utility
scale power plants" that are fueled/powered with Biomass
Gasification, Biomethane, Concentrating
Solar Power, B100 Biodiesel, Distributed
PV, EcoGeneration Systems, Geothermal
Power Plants, Synthesis
Gas, Rooftop PV, Solar
Cogeneration, Solar Energy
Systems, Solar Power Parks, Solar
Trigeneration and Wind Power
Generation - located at Residential, Commercial, Industrial
and City/Municipal Locations. Some customers will choose to dis-connect from the
grid entirely.
(Electric grid represented by the small light blue circles in the slide below.)
The
transmission grid will be upgraded to a "Unified
Smart Grid"
with green electrons now being wheeled via "High
Voltage Direct Current."
Typical
"central" power plants and the electric utility companies
that own them will either be shut-down, closed or go out of business due
to one or more of the following: failed business model, inordinate
expenses related to central power plants that are inefficient, excessive
pollution/emissions, high costs, continued reliance on the use of fossil
fuels to generate energy, and the failure to provide efficient, carbon
free energy and pollution free
power.
Carbon
free energy and pollution free
power reduces our dependence on foreign oil and makes us Energy
Independent while reducing and eliminating Greenhouse
Gas Emissions.
* Some of the above information from the Department
of Energy website with permission.
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Amazing
Solar Fact!
Did you know
that the silicon
contained in only one ton of sand,
and used in;
Distributed
PV
Distributed
Solar PV
Distributed
Solar Generation
and
Rooftop
PV
produces as much electricity as burning 500,000 tons
of coal?
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Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Since the year 1750
World Carbon Dioxide Emissions since 1750 (cubic feet)
The
carbon clock tracks total carbon dioxide emissions in metric tons since 1750.
Since 1750, humans have emitted over 5 trillion pounds of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. Roughly half of this has ended up in the oceans where it is
beginning to damage the coral reefs. The other half is still in the atmosphere
and causing global warming. Each pound of CO2 takes up as much space as a 500
pound person.
The formula (which should be good for a year or two) is:
C(t) = 2.58 ×1012 + 1240×t, where t is seconds since the start of 2007.
C is tonnes (metric tons) of carbon dioxide emissions.
2205 x C gives pounds of carbon dioxide emissions.
That comes to over 43 billion tons/year or over 86 trillion pounds/year.
Carbon dioxide (2) = 1 carbon atom with 2 oxygen atoms.
Carbon has relative weight 12 and Oxygen 16.
So it takes only 12 pounds of carbon to make 12+16+16 = 44 pounds of CO2.
___________________________________________________
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Linked to
the Loss of Polar Bears
Photo courtesy of Alaska Image Library. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service
___________________________________________________
America's
"Clear and Present Danger"
America
Has INCREASED its' Dependence on Foreign
Sources of Energy by 50% Since 1973.
America
is even more "addicted" to foreign oil today, than we were in 1973 -
1974 when OPEC, Saudi Arabia and other suppliers from the Middle-East
stopped selling us their fossil fuels, and created a significant blow to our
economy.
According
to the CIA Fact Book, Every Day, the U.S.
:
PRODUCES:
7,460,000 bbls of oil
CONSUMES:
20,800,000 bbls of oil
This
Means that 65% of America's Energy Supplies are Now Imported from Suppliers
from Foreign Countries.
Simply
put, about 65% of the gasoline in your car's gas tank, comes from a foreign
country.
EVERY
day, the U.S. must IMPORT over 13 million bbls of oil from foreign
countries and foreign suppliers to meet demand.
At
$80/barrel of oil, this also means that $1,040,000,000.00 American Dollars leave
our country, EVERY DAY, to foreign countries/suppliers of our fossil fuels, to
pay for the energy we need.
That's
$1 Billion EVERY day leaving our economy, and going to support a foreign
country's economy.
Talk
about our foreign trade deficit..... nearly $400 Billion each year, leaves our
country to pay for our oil addiction and the energy we need. To be exact,
that's $379,600,000,000.00 American Dollars.
This
is NOT acceptable.
America
needs to quickly transition to Energy Independence.
Renewable
Energy is the Only Way America Can Achieve Energy Independence.
Millions
of new and sustainable American jobs would be created here at home, if we would
end our addiction to foreign fossil fuels, and quickly transition to an economy
based on renewable energy and renewable fuels, produced here in the U.S.A.
The good news is that today,
America already has all of the Renewable
Energy Resources and Renewable
Energy Technologies needed to make American Energy Independence a
reality.
Green Energy
According
to Monty Goodell, Founder and Chairman of the Renewable
Energy Institute, "our increased dependence and reliance on foreign
energy supplies represents a Clear
and Present Danger to our national security, our economy, and the lives and
livelihood of every American. Energy - including the energy we use from
imported fossil fuels, is the very "lifeblood" of the American economy
as it is for every industrialized country. An economy dies without it's
lifeblood of energy. This Clear
and Present Danger we face is far more serious than the problems related to greenhouse
gas emissions. And while greenhouse
gas emissions are very serious issue, in the long-term, pales in comparison
to America's vital national security interests and America's economic stability
in the short term. For this reason alone, America needs to transition away
from its addiction to foreign energy supplies. And America's abundant renewable energy
resources such as the energy we receive from the sun, and renewable
energy technologies such as concentrated
solar power (CSP) plants - can supply 100% of America's power
requirements with a concentrating solar
power plant measuring 75 miles by 75 miles, located in the Southwest
U.S. By generating America's power from concentrating
solar power plants, America resolves its' short-term Clear
and Present Danger as it relates to importing its energy from foreign
countries, and the long-term problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions."
Continuing,
Mr. Goodell states that "too many Americans have forgotten what happened to
us in
1973, when the Arabs and OPEC brought the United States economy to a screeching halt
during the OPEC Oil Embargo. This happened because they (mainly the
country of Saudi Arabia)
disagreed with our foreign policy and is the reason why they "turned off the tap" of
our need for their oil supplies. When Saudi Arabia and OPEC
stopped the vital flow of oil to our country in 1973, they caused an "oil shock"
that severely and negatively impacted our economy.
Mr.
Goodell's question for us to ponder is, "do these countries who sell us 60%
of our daily energy requirements, like us and our foreign policy, or might they
leverage our addiction to their fossil fuels, and turn off the tap to make us
adjust or revise our foreign policy?? Like any addict, America's foreign
policy may be held hostage to its addiction, and in this case, our addiction to
foreign oil, may over-ride our national interests."
Have
American's forgotten the gas shortages and long lines at
their gas stations to get
gas during the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973?
"Apparently
so." Mr. Goodell states that "in 1973, America was 'addicted'
and 'over the barrel' of foreign oil to the amount of 40%. Forty percent
of our energy 'needs' in 1973 came from countries - many of which didn't like us
then, and I'm afraid, many of them still don't. The difference between
1973 and today - is that today we receive 50% MORE foreign oil now than we did
in 1973. And now we know about the problems relating to greenhouse
gas emissions that we didn't know then. America needs to change
course, and change course now, in terms of its' energy supplies and how we keep
America's economy strong, without the threat of being held hostage to a
middle-east tyrant or regime, that could once again, turn on us, and turn off
our supply of foreign oil."
Remember
????
"Sadly,
most Americans have forgotten the long lines of people waiting in their cars
- lined up and waiting
for gasoline at their nearby gas station, with lines that were many blocks
long. And, after waiting 4-5 hours, many even waiting overnight in many places, to
finally take their turn to fill up their car with gasoline, only to find that
the gas station
had run out of gas."
"Let
me Repeat.... That
was 1973 when we imported 40% of our daily energy requirements in the form of
crude oil from overseas, and from foreign countries - and many of these from
countries that don't like us.
Today,
over 35 years later, America has yet to learn the lesson. We cannot
continue our reliance on energy from foreign countries that supply us with
60% of the crude oil that our refineries use as a feedstock for producing
gasoline and diesel fuel for our cars and trucks comes from overseas.
America
is "over the barrel" and it's not our barrel, but the barrels of oil
that we are addicted by and owned by other countries. Why have we not
learned the lessons we needed to learn in 1973 when we were cut-off from the
vital energy supplies we need?
Countries
like China, are growing rapidly, and have an insatiable need for crude oil.
China, with their booming economy, is increasingly growing in its clout and
control over international supplies of crude oil - whether they do this through
their ability to buy as much oil as they need on a daily basis, or whether they
simply but American drilling rigs, technology, and explore and produce oil and gas from their own fields. China, is buying large amounts of oil for their country, and causing
upward pricing on declining supplies. What happens if Russia, with all of their
oil and natural gas, along with China and Venezuela, with or without the help of
OPEC, decided to NOT sell oil to us????
To
be sure, greenhouse
gas emissions are a problem, and to some, greenhouse
gas emissions are also a Clear
and Present Danger, but not to the extent that it presents an imminent Clear
and Present Danger.
America's
reliance for 60% of our energy "needs" coming from foreign suppliers
is un-acceptable.
The
"driver" to get America to begin reducing and eliminating fossil fuel
use should be our nation's national security and the welfare and safety of its
citizens. And this can all begin with developing and investing in our own renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies, let's start by putting solar on every rooftop that has
a clear and unobstructed view of the Southern sky. See www.RooftopPV.com
or www.DistributedPV.com
for more information. Let's create incentives begin with adopting a
national "Feed In Tariff" as
Germany did in 1990.
We simply do NOT have the luxury of time on our hands. We need to end our
dependence and reliance on foreign fossil fuels, especially from countries that
don't like us! We need to rapidly begin expanding renewable energy
resources and renewable
energy technologies from our vast and abundant renewable energy resources,
such as; solar, solar energy
systems, solar cogeneration,
solar trigeneration,
"solar on every roof," along with; Biomass
Gasification, B100 Biodiesel, Biomethane,
E100
Ethanol (from cellulosic, agricultural waste, sugar cane, etc., and NOT from
corn), Geothermal Power Plants,
Natural Wastewater Treatment,
Synthesis Gas, Waste
To Energy, Waste To Fuel and Wind
Power Generation where it makes economic and environmental sense."
For more information, call/email the
Renewable Energy Institute
info@DieselToNaturalGas.com
____________________________________________________
Are
you doing your part to prevent Climate Change and End America's
Reliance on Foreign Energy?
Our following
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gas emissions
- of which
carbon
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makes up 80% of all greenhouse
gas emissions.
* reduce and eventually eliminate the use of coal and other fossil fuels.
*
reduce the need for inefficient and expensive central power plants owned by
utility companies.
* promote energy independence.
*
end America's dependence on oil from OPEC and other countries in the
Middle-East, Venezuela and end our need for importing natural gas from Russia.
American
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www.AmericanEnergyPlan.com
Anaerobic Digester
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Clean Power Generation
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Cogeneration
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Demand
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Net
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Solar Power Parks
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Solar Cogeneration
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Solar Trigeneration
www.SolarTrigeneration.com
Synthesis Gas
www.SynthesisGas.com
Trigeneration
www.Trigeneration.com
Waste Heat Recovery
www.WasteHeatRecovery.com
Waste to Energy
www.WasteToEnergy.net
Waste
To Fuel
www.WasteToFuel.com
Wind
Power Generation
www.WindPowerGeneration.com
Zero Emission Energy
www.ZeroEmissionEnergy.com
Zero Emission Power
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______________________________________________________
We
support the Renewable Energy
Institute by donating a portion of our profits to the
Renewable Energy
Institute in their efforts to reduce fossil fuel use through
renewable energy and their goals to end fossil fuel pollution by
reducing/eliminating Carbon Emissions,
Carbon Dioxide Emissions and
Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The
Renewable Energy
Institute
is "Changing The Way The World Makes
and Uses Energy by
Providing Research & Development, Funding and Resources That Creates
Sustainable Energy via 'Carbon Free
Energy,' 'Clean
Power Generation' and 'Pollution Free
Power' Through
Expanding the use of Renewable Energy
Technologies."
www.RenewableEnergyInstitute.org
Email:
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